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Physical Changes


There are three states of matter which a substance can be in: a solid, liquid or a gas. If as substance changes between these states, its mass doesn’t change.

Physical and chemical changes are different as in a physical change there is no actual reaction, so no new substances are made. The particles stay the same just a different arrangement and amount of energy.

How to change the physical state of a substance?

1. MELTING, EVAPORATING, CONDENSING AND FREEZING:

  • Melt a certain amount of ice = same amount of water = boil it so it evaporates = same amount of steam
  • Same in the other direction: steam condenses = same amount of water = water freezes = same amount of ice.

2. SUBLIMATION:

  • Going straight from a solid to a gas. A substance that can do this is carbon dioxide.
  • Mass of gas= mass of solid

3. DISSOLVING:

  • There is no change in mass when a solid substance dissolves to form a solution.
  • Amount of substance before = amount of substance after
  • Dissolving is reversible. This means if you evaporate a solution you are left with the same amount of solid before it was dissolved.

Physical Changes

Changing states affects the physical properties of substances.

Heat a substance = particles move around more so are further apart = changes state = substance expands = less dense.

An exception is ice, which becomes denser as particles come close together when it melts to water.

How long have you…? (present perfect 4) Exercises


 

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Use the information given to create questions beginning with ‘How long…?’

• It is snowing.

• The weather is shining.

• John and Kate are married.

• My brother has gone on holiday.

• My aunty and uncle live in Canada.

• My sister is a teacher.

• I work at the chemist.

• I’ve known Susan since I was a baby.

• Jonathan is learning to speak to Mandarin.

 

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Fill in the missing gaps in the sentences using the present perfect (=has/have + past participle)

• I have known Kate a long time.

• My brother has been playing the piano he was 11 years old.

• My mum and dad on holiday to America. They

gone since last Sunday.

• I Ben and Emma since primary school.

We to the same primary and secondary school.

• My sister learning to speak French because she
is going to France next month.

 

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Use the appropriate words in the missing gaps.

have you lived       lives      to

has been       works        have known

I have bought       have worked.

• My sister in Spain. She is studying Spanish

with her friend Rosie. I Rosie since I was 5.

• Spencer like with Jamie. They have worked

together for 2 years.

• How long in Australia?

• a new dress for prom.

• He to Thorpe park.

 

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Challenge: Create 4 of your own questions beginning with ‘How long……?’

1.

2.

3.

4.

 

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