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Energy Stores and Systems


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  • Energy is transferred between stores, it is never used up.
  • The different energy stores energy is stored are: thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, chemical, magnetic, electrostatic and nuclear
  • Energy is also transferred mechanically (doing work), electrically (moving charges), by heating or by radiation
  • System = single object or group of objects that you’re interested in
  • System changes = energy transferred either into or away from system or between different objects or between different types of energy stores
  • Closed systems = neither matter or energy can enter or leave. Net energy change = always zero
  • Energy can be transferred by heating: boiling water in a kettle. Energy transferred to water by heating into thermal energy store = temp to rise
  • Energy can be transferred by doing work: work done = energy transferred. Current flows = work done.
  • Force exerted to throw a ball up = work done. Chemical energy store → kinetic energy store
  • Ball dropped from a height is accelerated by gravity. Work done = gravitational force. Gravitational potential store → kinetic energy store
  • Friction between brakes of a car and its wheels = work done as it slows down. Kinetic energy store → thermal energy
  • Collison between a car and a stationary object = normal contact force = work done. Kinetic energy → other energy stores (elastic potential, thermal)
  • How long have you…? (present perfect 4) Exercises


     

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    Use the information given to create questions beginning with ‘How long…?’

    • It is snowing.

    • The weather is shining.

    • John and Kate are married.

    • My brother has gone on holiday.

    • My aunty and uncle live in Canada.

    • My sister is a teacher.

    • I work at the chemist.

    • I’ve known Susan since I was a baby.

    • Jonathan is learning to speak to Mandarin.

     

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    Fill in the missing gaps in the sentences using the present perfect (=has/have + past participle)

    • I have known Kate a long time.

    • My brother has been playing the piano he was 11 years old.

    • My mum and dad on holiday to America. They

    gone since last Sunday.

    • I Ben and Emma since primary school.

    We to the same primary and secondary school.

    • My sister learning to speak French because she
    is going to France next month.

     

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    Use the appropriate words in the missing gaps.

    have you lived       lives      to

    has been       works        have known

    I have bought       have worked.

    • My sister in Spain. She is studying Spanish

    with her friend Rosie. I Rosie since I was 5.

    • Spencer like with Jamie. They have worked

    together for 2 years.

    • How long in Australia?

    • a new dress for prom.

    • He to Thorpe park.

     

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    Challenge: Create 4 of your own questions beginning with ‘How long……?’

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

     

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