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Movement of Particles


  • Brownian motion = random movement of particles.
  • Random motion of any particle suspended (floating) within a liquid or a gas is known as Brownian motion.
  • Large and heavy particles can be moved by this motion by smaller lighter particles which are traveling at high speeds. An example of this is smoke carried by air.
  • Diffusionrandom movement of particles from a high concentrationhigh concentration (where there is a lot of particles) to a low concentration (where there isn’t a lot of particles).
  • They constantly bump around until there is an even spread.
  • A higher temperature means particles move around more. Their speed increases with temperature.
  • This means there is more space between particles = take up more space = material expands.
  • Heat a gas or liquid in a container = pressure increases as particles bump into the sides more often and quicker.

How long have you…? (present perfect 4) Exercises


 

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Use the information given to create questions beginning with ‘How long…?’

• It is snowing.

• The weather is shining.

• John and Kate are married.

• My brother has gone on holiday.

• My aunty and uncle live in Canada.

• My sister is a teacher.

• I work at the chemist.

• I’ve known Susan since I was a baby.

• Jonathan is learning to speak to Mandarin.

 

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Fill in the missing gaps in the sentences using the present perfect (=has/have + past participle)

• I have known Kate a long time.

• My brother has been playing the piano he was 11 years old.

• My mum and dad on holiday to America. They

gone since last Sunday.

• I Ben and Emma since primary school.

We to the same primary and secondary school.

• My sister learning to speak French because she
is going to France next month.

 

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Use the appropriate words in the missing gaps.

have you lived       lives      to

has been       works        have known

I have bought       have worked.

• My sister in Spain. She is studying Spanish

with her friend Rosie. I Rosie since I was 5.

• Spencer like with Jamie. They have worked

together for 2 years.

• How long in Australia?

• a new dress for prom.

• He to Thorpe park.

 

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Challenge: Create 4 of your own questions beginning with ‘How long……?’

1.

2.

3.

4.

 

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