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Parallel Circuits


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  • In parallel circuits, each component is connected separately to the positive and negative end of the power supply.
  • Ammeter ALWAYS connected in series.
  • If you remove one component = hardly affects the others
  • Everyday circuits are often a mix of series and parallel circuits
  • Potential difference is the same as all components get the full source potential difference: V1 = V2 = V3….
  • Current is shared between branches: I total = I1 + I2 + I3….
  • In parallel circuits, there are junctions where current splits or re-joins. Total current going into a junction = total current leaving
  • Two identical components = same current
  • Two resistors in parallel = total resistance is lower than the resistance of the smallest of the two resistors. This is because:
  • In parallel = both resistors have same potential difference = the pushing force making the current flow is the same as the source potential difference for each resistor = by adding another loop , current has more directions to flow in = increases total current that can flow around. Using V=IR an increase in current means a decrease in total resistance.

How long have you…? (present perfect 4) Exercises


 

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Use the information given to create questions beginning with ‘How long…?’

• It is snowing.

• The weather is shining.

• John and Kate are married.

• My brother has gone on holiday.

• My aunty and uncle live in Canada.

• My sister is a teacher.

• I work at the chemist.

• I’ve known Susan since I was a baby.

• Jonathan is learning to speak to Mandarin.

 

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Fill in the missing gaps in the sentences using the present perfect (=has/have + past participle)

• I have known Kate a long time.

• My brother has been playing the piano he was 11 years old.

• My mum and dad on holiday to America. They

gone since last Sunday.

• I Ben and Emma since primary school.

We to the same primary and secondary school.

• My sister learning to speak French because she
is going to France next month.

 

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Use the appropriate words in the missing gaps.

have you lived       lives      to

has been       works        have known

I have bought       have worked.

• My sister in Spain. She is studying Spanish

with her friend Rosie. I Rosie since I was 5.

• Spencer like with Jamie. They have worked

together for 2 years.

• How long in Australia?

• a new dress for prom.

• He to Thorpe park.

 

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Challenge: Create 4 of your own questions beginning with ‘How long……?’

1.

2.

3.

4.

 

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